The Fallibility of Psychological Testing

Psychological Testing has become rampant across industries, more so in the case of Information Technology, BPOs and ITES companies. These tests are used to 'throw up' personality profiles and competency descriptions that would help companies recruit the 'right' candidate. The Human Resources department in most organizations is responsible for the administering of Psychometric tests.

The International body that sets guidelines for testing is the International Test Commission ( ITC ) which stipulates guidelines for adaptation and usage of tests. ITC has issued guidelines to cover the following ?

Professional and ethical standards in testing

Rights of the test candidate and other parties involved in the testing process

Choice and evaluation of alternative tests

Test administration, scoring and interpretation

Report writing and feedback.

ITC has defined competence in test usage as, " A Competent test user will use tests appropriately, professionally and in an ethical manner, paying due regard to the needs and rights of those involved in the testing process, the reasons for testing, and the broader context in which the testing takes place."

There are many reasons why a test can be fallible ?

1. Inappropriate usage of Tests

The norms for which the tests have been designed have to be considered carefully. They cannot be administered to a population that is different from the norm population ( Norm Population for example could be, adolescents, Senior Executives; norms could be based on age, occupation, gender, economic status etc. ). That is, a test designed for adolescents cannot be administered on Senior Executives and vice versa because the results of such administration would be faulty.

2. Culture Fair Testing

Another common flaw is in the usage of tests which are not culture fair. Many psychological tests have been designed for the western population and can be used appropriately only in that culture. Unfortunately many of these tests are used on the Indian population giving rise to faulty conclusions.

3. Design of Test

The psychological test can only be designed by professionals qualified in psychometrics. Many a time lay people design tests using the help of information accessed through the internet or sometimes even from their own common sense. Such tests are not valid.

4. Validation of tests

Every test that has been designed has to be validated. The process of validation would involve administering the test on a large population over a period of time before it is certified as 'ready for use'. This cannot be done from tests that are fabricated overnight.

5. Downloaded Tests

Often tests are downloaded from the Internet and are used for purposes other than for which they have been designed. For example, a personality test being used to test the Emotional Intelligence or Team Skills of a person.

6. Wrong Customization

Sometimes the items of a test are changed to suit the user. In such instances the test cannot give valid results. For example an item ( a question / statement in the test ) would state ? " Do you usually date on weekends ?" , could be changed to " Do you socialize on weekends? " to fit the Indian scenario. The results of the test with such changed 'items'will not be not valid.

7. Test Administration

The test administration should be systematically standardized, i.e., the test should be administered under exactly the same conditions to all users. This means that the actual test environment, the instructions, the timing and the materials are the same on every test occasion. Before administering the test the user must consider the following guidelines ?

? What is the purpose of testing?

? What outcomes will be achieved through testing?

? Why are these specific tests being used?

? Why are these tests relevant to the outcomes being sought?

? What evidence is there that these tests are appropriate for the people who are to be assessed?

8. Confidentiality of Test Results

All results of tests must be maintained by the administrator in strict confidence. Revealing the results could lead to unfair discrimination in the workplace. This happens when a test used for selection is disadvantageous to certain 'groups' within the organization. In the US, the use of IQ tests in employee selection has been prohibited. This was due to the lack of confidentiality maintained by the administrators which resulted in employees being unfairly discriminated. At present any psychometric test has to be administered with utmost care and after the requisite permissions is obtained.

To ensure confidentiality, the following guidelines should be considered:

1. Ensure that test materials are kept securely

2. Ensure secure storage of and control access to test materials.

3. Respect copyright law and agreements that exist with respect to a test including any prohibitions on the copying or transmission of materials in electronic or other forms to other people, whether qualified or otherwise.

4. Protect the integrity of the test by not coaching individuals on actual test materials or other practice materials that might unfairly influence their test performance.

5. Ensure that test techniques are not described publicly in such a way that their usefulness is impaired.

9. Competence of Test Administrator and Interpreter

The personnel administering the tests have to be strict in following the instructions stipulated by the test designers. The interpretations too have to be done by qualified personnel who are psychologists.

10. Limitation of tests

The tests are 'limited' for the purposes for which they have been designed. For a holistic assessment of an individual, it is required that the test results are supplemented by information from interviews and group discussions. In addition the test results are not valid after eighteen months of its administration.

11. Test Copyrights

It is an offence to copy tests that have been copyrighted. They can only be used after the necessary permission is obtained from the designers. Otherwise this illegal copying may lead to lack of standardization in Test conditions and poor control of materials.

12. Test feedback

Often times the guidelines for feedback are not followed by the Users. The British Psychological Society has set out the following guidelines for written and oral feedback:

? Ensure that the technical and linguistic levels of any reports are appropriate for the level of understanding of the recipients.

? Make clear that the test data represent just one source of information and should always be considered in conjunction with other information.

? Explain how the importance of the test results should be weighted in relation to other information about the people being assessed.

? Use a form and structure for a report that is appropriate to the context of the assessment.

? When appropriate, provide third parties with information on how results may be used to inform their decisions.

? Explain and support the use of test results used to classify people into categories (e.g. for diagnostic purposes or for job selection).

? Include within written reports a clear summary, and when relevant, specific recommendations.

? Present oral feedback to test takers in a constructive and supportive manner.

http://alliancebschool.org

Unemployment rate steady at 6.1%
National Post, Canada - 5 hours ago
Gord Waldner/Saskatoon Star PhoenixDalton Charles visited the Careers and Employment Services office in August. Dalton has worked in the house building ...

Canada's Government and Prince Edward Island Sign New Training and ...
MarketWatch - 3 hours ago
This will provide the Province with the flexibility to focus job training programs and employment supports on the local and regional needs of both employers ...

Out of the inbox, into the dog box
New Zealand Herald, New Zealand - 46 minutes ago
The Employment Relations Authority ruled later that he was unjustifiably dismissed, but he wasn't reinstated and his career lay in tatters. ...

Graduate employment hunters 'happy to change jobs'
Women in Technology, UK - 6 hours ago
New graduates seeking employment are demanding to be challenged and are not content to remain with companies if they believe their careers are stagnating, ...

Partnership Promotes Environmental Careers to American Indians
U.S. EPA.gov (press release), DC - 6 minutes ago
The agreement also focuses on student employment and volunteer programs, research participation, lectures and seminars on environmental issues, ...

COORDINATOR/COUNSELOR
Seattle Post Intelligencer - 19 hours ago
DO-IT activities serve to increase the successful participation of individuals with disabilities in challenging academic programs and careers. ...

Seychelles career week focuses on needs of the labour market
African Press Agency, Senegal - 3 hours ago
APA - Victoria (Seychelles) Employees in the Seychelles educational sector who have been taking part in the Careers Week were on Thursday appraised of the ...

She's Pries Open a Work Window for Career Moms
Laguna Beach Independent, CA - 15 hours ago
"It is a win-win situation for both," she said, explaining that employers cut costs by avoiding paying benefits while the employment candidate gains the ...

Q&A: Christina McKelvie
Scotsman, United Kingdom - 18 hours ago
Until we stop treating women's employment rights as political correctness, we are going to have this debate going on for the next 30 years. ...

Degree or diploma?
Calgary Herald,  Canada - Sep 4, 2008
Unless you're going into a profession that has a job waiting for you, some graduates struggle to find employment in their trained career."

Wind Chimes and more...

Windchimes for great gifts!

Passing The Police Test Just Became Easier