Facts You Should Know About Types of Loans -

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Facts You Should Know About Types of Loans

Facts You Should Know About Types of Loans

When you set out to borrow, you often come across terms like unsecured loans, revolving loans, adjustable rate loans, etc. While these terms are more or less self-explanatory, it is still useful to be clear on their exact meanings and what they imply before you finalize a loan contract.

Unsecured versus secured loans

As the name implies, a secured loan is one where you offer some kind of collateral against the loan. The agreement is that if you default on the loan, the lender has the right (but not the obligation) to take possession of the asset you have pledged.

In most cases, this asset would be what the lender has financed. For example, when you take a home loan, you offer the home as collateral.

There may also be cases where you may need to offer additional collateral over and above the asset that is being financed. This happens, for example, when the lender is financing close to 100% of an asset that is prone to rapid reduction in market value. In such cases, the lender may insist on your putting up another asset so as to provide a reasonable margin of protection in case of default.

Unsecured loans are those where such collateral arrangements do not exist. These loans are granted based on your credit standing, ability to repay and other factors.

In cases where there's a choice available to the customer to take either a secured or an unsecured loan, the former may be offered at a somewhat lower rate. That is, assuming every other factor remains equal. This is because of the lower risk involved to the lender, who has recourse to a specific asset in case you default. However, this situation is comparatively rare in consumer financing, although it is more common in financing businesses.

Installment versus revolving loans

A revolving loan is one where you have access to a continuous source of credit, up to a pre-determined credit limit. If the limit is say, $10,000, you can borrow any amount up to $10,000. And typically, you can repay all or part of the amount you borrowed at a time of your choosing, within the overall tenor of the loan.

You pay interest only on the amount you borrow for the time you borrow it. Sometimes, banks may charge a commitment fee for making a revolving line of credit available to you. This fee is usually charged on the average unutilized amount of your limit.

You can also re-borrow the amount you have repaid. In effect, you have a loan that's always available to you on demand.

Unlike revolving loans, installment loans have a fixed repayment schedule. In most cases, the full amount of the loan is drawn down (i.e., borrowed) at once and both repayment schedule and amounts are fixed in advance. You do not have the option to re-borrow the amount that has been repaid.

Adjustable rate versus fixed rate loans

A fixed rate loan is one where the interest rate charged is fixed for the entire duration of the loan. The advantage is that you are immune to fluctuations in interest rates and can budget your cash outflows precisely. The disadvantage to you (the borrower) is that should interest rates fall, you lose in terms of opportunity costs. That is, you could have obtained a lower interest rate had you opted for an adjustable rate loan.

In practice, you can always choose to refinance the fixed rate loan at a lower rate if interest rates fall sharply enough to justify it. Bear in mind that your current lender may charge a pre-payment fee if you choose to repay before due date. So the difference in interest rates between your old fixed rate loan and the new loan should be large enough to justify a switch.

An adjustable rate loan is one where the interest charged fluctuates in line with a benchmark rate. This benchmark rate is usually the Prime Rate, which is what the US Treasury charges its prime (or best) borrowers. The advantage of an adjustable rate (or floating rate) loan is that what you are paying is more or less in line with the market. If interest rates decline, so do your costs and vice versa. The disadvantage is that your cash outflows for interest are unpredictable.

As a borrower, if you hold the view that interest rates are going to decline, it is best to opt for an adjustable rate loan. But arriving at the correct view consistently is easier said than done. Predicting interest rates is a game where even professional market participants and institutions frequently go wrong.

If it is important to you to be able to budget for your interest obligations in advance, a fixed rate loan may be the best choice. After all, you can refinance it should the interest rates fall significantly.

Keeping these basic facts in mind should help you make more informed borrowing decisions.

About the Author

Prakash Menon is a financial expert and writer specializing in managing personal debt and providing wealth building solutions. He has written on payday loans, personal debt management and other related topics.

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table border=0 width= valign=top cellpadding=2 cellspacing=7trtd width=80 align=center valign=topfont style=font-size:85%;font-family:arial,sans-serifa href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/3506395/Pandits-failures-contributing-to-Citis-decline.htmlcid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNEx8lnr7RtqWMvtK4afVfLHicid9Qimg src=http://news.google.com/news?imgefp=ZfVyXxL3SaUJimgurl=www.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/01118/citi_1118948f.jpg width=80 height=50 alt= border=1brfont size=-2Telegraph.co.uk/font/a/font/tdtd valign=top class=jfont style=font-size:85%;font-family:arial,sans-serifbrdiv style=padding-top:0.8em;img alt= height=1 width=1/divdiv class=lha href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/22/business/22bank.html%3Femcid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNHOgt2ABEyOF7q-fBP4shGVXQkX7wWoes at Citigroup Began With Failed Bid for Wachovia/abrfont size=-1font color=#6f6f6fNew York Times,nbsp;United Statesnbsp;-/font nobrNov 22, 2008/nobr/fontbrfont size=-1Then, on Tuesday, a report about imminent defaults on two large commercial mortgages sent the price of bonds backed by those bloans/b tumbling. b.../b/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DMgEK9hUYlI4cid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNHXgau3W5_3MiioTNf7cAiiAh96wAVideo: Citigroup to Cut Costs and 53,000 Jobs/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrAssociatedPress/nobr/fontobject width=448 height=356param name=movie value=http://www.youtube.com/v/MgEK9hUYlI4/paramparam name=wmode value=transparent/paramembed src=http://www.youtube.com/v/MgEK9hUYlI4type=application/x-shockwave-flashwmode=transparentwidth=448height=356/embed/objectbr/fontfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news%3Fpid%3D20601087%26sid%3DacxKsnU5HOAI%26refer%3Dhomecid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNGhhbGDdQT3Jk5RNHylgB2Iyyu-wACitigroup May End Up With US Government Rescue (Update1)/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrBloomberg/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/11/21/business/finance.phpcid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNHChZzubLNRK0qIP97aAyF1Ih4YrQCitigroup tries to halt plunge in share price/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrInternational Herald Tribune/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1 class=pa href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1861332,00.html%3Fiid%3Dtsmodulecid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNH1r_QGQpjHIXO7ygM6blsiC9QZqgnobrTIME/nobr/anbsp;- a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122729058665748333.htmlcid=1273579195ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNFP5W0DYDSNi9sLUE7-ZJz_RgX0_QnobrWall Street Journal Blogs/nobr/a/fontbr/font class=p size=-1a class=p href=http://news.google.com/news?sourceid=navclientie=ISO-8859-1rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-22,GGLG:enncl=1273579195hl=ennobrall 1,669 news articles/nobr/a/font/div/font/td/tr/table

table border=0 width= valign=top cellpadding=2 cellspacing=7trtd width=80 align=center valign=topfont style=font-size:85%;font-family:arial,sans-serifa href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/nov/21/automotive-useconomycid=1273618955ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNEWzQX_VZipkqhad1iOPbcuL3xygwimg src=http://news.google.com/news?imgefp=7Kt3769KQAIJimgurl=static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/11/19/us_car_460.jpg width=80 height=48 alt= border=1brfont size=-2guardian.co.uk/font/a/font/tdtd valign=top class=jfont style=font-size:85%;font-family:arial,sans-serifbrdiv style=padding-top:0.8em;img alt= height=1 width=1/divdiv class=lha href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/2008-11-20-voa4.cfmcid=1273618955ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNFFONO5pnLwe9mVllhdPS0gw4X7IACongress Delays Action on Auto Industry bLoans/b/abrfont size=-1font color=#6f6f6fVoice of Americanbsp;-/font nobrNov 21, 2008/nobr/fontbrfont size=-1The chiefs of General Motors, Ford and Chrysler asked for twenty-five billion dollars in new bloans/b. Congress already approved twenty-five billion in b.../b/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSTRE4AI13H20081119cid=1273618955ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNE4_VmbB6pA84UT_pL5JPXRcUB_hAFord says could wait on US bloans/b until 2009/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrReuters/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.freep.com/article/20081119/OPINION05/811190346/1068/OPINIONcid=1273618955ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNFekNcpMKab4DSQ_j1t0IJTlP1hRwbLoans/b to automakers make the only good deal for US/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrDetroit Free Press/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://news.google.com/news?btcid=e3abfae965230256img src=/images/news_comment_bubble12.gif alt=google news comment class=comment-iconComment bynbsp;Gary Chaison/afont size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnbsp;Prof. of Industrial Relations, Clark University/font/fontbrfont size=-1 class=pa href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/Detroit-Regions-Businesses-Urge-Congressional/story.aspx%3Fguid%3D%257B3BF25E89-D19F-4A85-8203-3B0932B38AE0%257Dcid=1273618955ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNFD1UVl2UHKhEvsaawVKjyFcHcV8wnobrMarketWatch/nobr/a/fontbr/font class=p size=-1a class=p href=http://news.google.com/news?sourceid=navclientie=ISO-8859-1rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-22,GGLG:enncl=1273618955hl=ennobrall 1,251 news articles/nobr/a/font/div/font/td/tr/table

table border=0 width= valign=top cellpadding=2 cellspacing=7trtd width=80 align=center valign=topfont style=font-size:85%;font-family:arial,sans-serifa href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.latimes.com/business/investing/la-fi-banks22-2008nov22,0,3887469.storycid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNGj2OR32g0kVuZd4lvt2710GhBhLgimg src=http://news.google.com/news?imgefp=HFloPpWkgaoJimgurl=www.latimes.com/media/photo/2008-11/43535151.jpg width=80 height=52 alt= border=1brfont size=-2Los Angeles Times/font/a/font/tdtd valign=top class=jfont style=font-size:85%;font-family:arial,sans-serifbrdiv style=padding-top:0.8em;img alt= height=1 width=1/divdiv class=lha href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/california/ci_11054118cid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNGjQP6t3U4zd6tdKMK-RAg_Dk1x5QPFF now US Bank/abrfont size=-1font color=#6f6f6fContra Costa Times,nbsp;CAnbsp;-/font nobr12 hours ago/nobr/fontbrfont size=-1US Bank will modify the terms of certain mortgage bloans/b in accordance with the FDIC Mortgage bLoan/b Modification Program. Between Downey Savings and PFF Bank b.../b/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.dailypilot.com/articles/2008/11/22/topstory/dpt-downey112308.txtcid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNHCMKZQ53rOjiv1_kNKOIyKPAep5A• Downey closes due to losses/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrDaily Pilot/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-downey21-2008nov21,0,7721667.storycid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNGeo4jJ_MPutbKDFTXcMIooscwfVQDowney Financial could be next bank casualty/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrLos Angeles Times/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/21/AR2008112104099.htmlcid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNEUZYDNRo1cnYzMRP02AmTsIrzySQFDIC Seizes Three Banks, Expanding bLoan/b-Relief Effort/a font size=-1 color=#6f6f6fnobrWashington Post/nobr/font/fontbrfont size=-1 class=pa href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/11/22/ap5729925.htmlcid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNG2CVQs4D_2lQwqWrCh0hrmt5Wg7gnobrForbes/nobr/anbsp;- a href=http://www.citywebshopper.net/articles/includes/redirect.php?url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news%3Fpid%3D20601103%26sid%3DaAyVj8SZ7Y0I%26refer%3Dnewscid=1273004320ei=BL8pSZW-FqGO6AOtxfH4CAusg=AFQjCNEim0wCaeTfuISk67bZkevsAMfSQgnobrBloomberg/nobr/a/fontbr/font class=p size=-1a class=p href=http://news.google.com/news?sourceid=navclientie=ISO-8859-1rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-22,GGLG:enncl=1273004320hl=ennobrall 826 news articles/nobr/a/font/div/font/td/tr/table

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